Dead space in lung12/24/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() It was not until 1974 that Webb and Tierney described this phenomenon, called volutrauma when they demonstrated pulmonary edema in rats after exposure to high inflation pressures. The result is the initiation of an inflammatory cascade characterized by increased lung permeability, pulmonary edema, alteration of surfactant, and production of cytokines that injure the lungs. However, ventilation with large tidal volumes causes volutrauma due to alveolar overdistension and repetitive opening of collapsed alveoli. The rationale was to reduce hypoxemia, prevent airway closure, and increase functional residual capacity. Initially, mechanical ventilation involved delivering tidal volumes of 10 mL/kg of ideal body weight or higher. The goal is to deliver a tidal volume large enough to maintain adequate ventilation but small enough to prevent lung trauma. So thanks for watching and I hope to see you again soon.Tidal volume is vital when it comes to setting the ventilator in critically ill patients. If you want to learn how Medmastery can help you become a great clinician, make sure to watch the about mastery video. Absolutely, make sure to check out the course this video was taken from and to register for a free trial account which will give you access to select the chapters of the course. So, an elevation in arterial carbon dioxide tension would only be seen when the patient can't sustain the overall level of ventilation necessary to compensate. These individuals can compensate for the increase in Dead Space by increasing the overall level of ventilation to keep pa co2 constant. However, in most disorders characterized by an increase in lung areas with high v Q hypercapnia does not occur. Conceptually, any alveolar units with v Q greater than one, but not infinity, can be described as if the units were functionally equivalent to areas of Deadspace.Īreas of high v Q or physiologic Deadspace represent regions of wasted ventilation as far as carbon dioxide elimination is concerned. Another form of abnormal ventilation perfusion relationship can be seen as a result of alveolar units with ventilation, but no persistent perfusion. ![]()
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